1. Air conditioning: Willis Carrier, U.S., 1911.
2. Balloon: Joseph and Jacques Montgolfier, France, 1783.
3. Barometer: Evangelista Torricelli, Italy, 1643.
4. Bicycle: K. Macmillan, Scotland, 1839
5. Bifocal Lens: Benjamin Franklin, U.S., c.1760.
6. Calculating machine: Pascal, France, 1642.
7. Camera:-· Hand-held: George Eastman, U.S., 1888.
· Cine Camera: Friese-Greene, Britain, 1889.
8. Centigrade scale: A. Celsius, France, 1742.
9. Cinematograph: Thomas Alva Edition, USA,1891.
10.Integrated Circuit : Jack S. Kilby, U.S., 1959.
11.Clock:-
· Pendulum clock: Christian Huygens, The Netherlands, 1656.
· Mechanical clock: Hsing and Ling-Tsan, China, 1725.
12.Computers: Charles Babbage, Britain, 1834.
13.Conservation of electric charge: Benjamin Franklin, U.S., 1751–1754.
14.Diode Bulb: Sir J.S. Fleming, 1904
15.Dynamite: Alfred Nobel, Sweden, 1867.
16.Dynamo: Michael Faraday, England, 1831.
17.Electric Appliances:-
· Fan: Schuyler Wheeler, U.S., 1882.
· Flatiron:- Henry W. Seely, U.S., 1882.
· Stove:- Hadaway, U.S., 1896.
· Washing machine:- Alva Fisher, U.S., 1906.
18.Electric cooking utensil: (first) patented by St. George Lane-Fox, England, 1874.
19.Electric generator (Dynamo): Michael Faraday, England, 1831.
20.Electric Iron: H.W. Seeley, USA, 1882.
21.Electric lamp: Thomas Alva Edison, U.S., 1879.
22.Electromagnet: William Sturgeon, England, 1824.
23.Electron: Sir Joseph J. Thompson, England, 1897.
24.E = mc2: Albert Einstein, Switzerland, 1907.
25.Electric Motor: Michael Faraday, England, 1822.
26.Evolution Theory: Charles Darwin, England, 1858.
27.Exclusion principle: Wolfgang Pauli, Germany, 1925.
28.Expanding universe theory: Edwin P. Hubble, U.S., 1929.
29.Law of falling bodies: Galileo Galilei, Italy, 1590.
30.Fiber optics: Narinder Kapany, England, 1955.
31.Elementary Geometry: Euclid, Alexandria, Egypt, c. 300 B.C.
32.Gunpowder: China, c.700.
33.Gyroscope: Léon Foucault, France, 1852.
34.Halley's Comet: Edmund Halley, England, 1705.
35.Helicopter:-
· Double rotor: Heinrich Focke, Germany, 1936.
· Single rotor: Igor Sikorsky, U.S., 1939.
36.Holograph: Dennis Gabor, England, 1947.
37.Internal combustion Engine:
· Fundamental theory established by: Sadi Carnot, France, 1824.
· Two-stroke: Etienne Lenoir, France, 1860;
· Four-stroke: Nikolaus Otto, Germany, 1876;
· Diesel: Rudolf Diesel, Germany, 1892;
· Rotary: Felix Wankel, Germany, 1956.
38.Jet propulsion:-
· Engine: Sir Frank Whittle, England, Hans von Ohain, Germany, 1936
· Aircraft: Heinkel He 178, 1939.
39.Laser:-
· First the theoretical work(Inventor): Charles H. Townes, Arthur L. Schawlow, U.S., N. Basov, A. Prokhorov, U.S.S.R., 1958.
· First working model: T. H. Maiman, U.S., 1960.
40.Law of Gravitation: Sir Isaac Newton, England, c.1665 (published 1687).
41.Laws of Motion: Isaac Newton, England, 1687.
42.Laws of Planetary motion: Johannes Kepler, Germany, 1609, 1619.
43.LCD (liquid crystal display): Hoffmann-La Roche, Switzerland, 1970.
44.Lightning rod: Benjamin Franklin, U.S., 1752.
45.Locomotive:-
· Steam powered: Richard Trevithick, England, 1804.
· First practical (multiple-fire-tube boiler): George Stephenson, England, 1829.
· Largest steam-powered: Union Pacific's “Big Boy,” U.S., 1941.
46.Machine gun: Richard J. Gatling, U.S., 1861.
47.Microphone: David Edward Hughes, USA, 1878.
48.Microscope: Zacharias Janssen, The Netherlands, 1590
49.Microwave oven: Percy Spencer, U.S., 1947.
50.Motion pictures: Thomas Alva Edison, U.S., 1893.
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