Monday, April 8, 2013

PHYSICS: INVENTION & INVENTORS-II

1.   Motorcycle: (motor tricycle) Edward Butler, England, 1884.
2.   Nature of Light:-
·   Wave theory: Christian Huygens, The Netherlands, 1678.
·   Electromagnetic theory: James Clerk Maxwell, England, 1873.
3.   Neptune: (discovery of) Johann Galle, Germany, 1846.
4.   Paper: China, c.100 A.D.
5.   Parachute: Louis S. Lenormand, France, 1783.
6.   Passenger Elevator : Elisha G. Otis, U.S., 1852.
7.   Phonograph: Thomas A. Edison, U.S., 1877.
8.   Photography: (paper negative) William Henry Fox Talbot, England, 1835
9.   Photovoltaic effect: (light falling on certain materials can produce electricity) Edmund Becquerel, France, 1839.
10.Probability theory: René Descartes, France; and Pierre de Fermat, Switzerland, 1654.
11.Proton: Ernest Rutherford, England, 1919.
12.Quantum theory: Max Planck, Germany, 1900
13.Radar:  Dr A.H. Taylor and L.C. Young
14.Radio: Guglielmo Marconi, Italy, 1895.
15.Radium: Marie and Pierre curie, France, 1898.
16.Razor:-
·   Safety: King Gillette, U.S., 1895.
·   Electric: Jacob Schick, U.S.,1931.
17.Refrigerator: James Harrison, Australia & A.catlin, 1834
18.Theory of Relativity: Albert Einstein, Switzerland, Germany, U.S., 1905–1953.
19.Revolver: Samuel Colt, U.S., 1835.
20.Richter scale: Charles F. Richter, U.S., 1935.
21.Rocket: (liquid-fueled) Robert Goddard, U.S., 1926.
22.Rotation of Earth: Jean Bernard Foucault, France, 1851.
23.Safety Lamp: Sir Humphrey Davy, England, 1816.
24.Safety pin: Walter Hunt, U.S., 1849.
25.Seismograph: (first accurate) John Milne, England, 1880.
26.Solar system (Universe): (Sun-centered universe) Nicolaus Copernicus ,1543
27.Speed of Light: Olaus Roemer, Denmark, 1675.
28.Spectrum: (heterogeneity of light) Sir Isaac Newton, England, 1665–1666.
29.Spectrum analysis: Gustav Kirchhoff, Robert Bunsen, Germany, 1859.
30.Spermatozoa: Anton van Leeuwenhoek, The Netherlands, 1683.
31.Spinning:-
·   Spinning jenny: James Hargreaves, England, 1764.
·   Spinning frame: Sir Richard Arkwright, England, 1769.
32.Steam engine:-
·   Piston: Thomas Newcomen, England, 1712.
·   Condensor : James Watt, England, 1765.
33.Stethoscope: René Laënnec, France, 1819.
34.Superconductivity: (theory) Bardeen, Cooper, Scheiffer, U.S., 1957.
35.Symbolic logic: George Boule, 1854; (modern) Bertrand Russell, Alfred North Whitehead, England, 1910–1913.
36.Tape recorder: (magnetic steel tape) Valdemar Poulsen, Denmark, 1899.
37.Teflon: DuPont, U.S., 1943.
38.Telegraph code: Samuel F. B. Morse, U.S., 1837.
39.Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell, U.S., 1876.
40.Telescope: Hans Lippershey, The Netherlands, 1608; (astronomical) Galileo Galilei, Italy, 1609; (reflecting) Isaac Newton, England, 1668.
41.Television: John Logie Barid, Scotland, 1926.
42.Thermometer:-
·   Open-column: Galileo Galilei, Italy, 1593.
·   Clinical: Santorio Santorio, Padua, 1615.
·   Mercury (with Fahrenheit scale): Gabriel D. Fahrenheit, Germany, 1714.
·   Centigrade scale: Anders Celsius, Sweden, 1742
·   Absolute-temperature, or Kelvin, scale: William Thompson, Lord Kelvin, England, 1848.
43.Triode Bulb: Lee de Forest,1906.
44.Electric Transformer: William Stanley, U.S., 1885.
45.Transistor: John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, William B. Shockley, U.S., 1947.
46.Typewriter: Christopher Sholes, Carlos Glidden, U.S., 1867.
47.Vacuum cleaner:-
·   Manually operated: Ives W. McGaffey, 1869.
·   Electric: Hubert C. Booth, England, 1901
·   Upright: J. Murray Spangler, U.S., 1907.
48.Watch: A.L. Breguet, France, 1791.
49.World Wide Web: Tim Berners-Lee, England, 1989.
50.X-ray: Wilhelm Roentgen, USA, 1895

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